Capital Investment

Construction Cost Comparison

ConfigurationTotal CostPer-AF Capacity Cost
Phased Build (single pipeline first)$8.6 billion$17,200/AF
Dual Pipeline (both Day 1)$11.15 billion$22,300/AF
Recommended: Dual Build$11.15 billionSaves $2–3B lifecycle

Capital Cost Breakdown

ComponentCost (millions)
Pipeline materials (dual 96")$4,000
Trenching and installation$2,700
Right-of-way acquisition$400
Pumping stations$400
Desalination facilities$2,500
ASR storage systems$1,100
Engineering and contingency$2,320
Total$11,150

Multi-Use Corridor Assets

AssetInvestmentAnnual RevenuePayback
Dark fiber (144-strand)$35M$12M2.9 years
HVDC transmission (4 GW)$1,600M$192M8.3 years

Operating Cost Model

Cost Components (per acre-foot)

ComponentCost/AF
Desalination operations$700
Pipeline operations$200
Pumping energy$100
ASR operations$75
Administrative overhead$75
Total Operating Cost$1,150/AF

Operator Margin

Private desalination operators receive: Cost + 8% margin

  • Water sales at cost-plus guaranteed margin
  • 100% of brine valorization revenue retained
  • Cost Stabilization Reserve funded from brine profits

Revenue Model

Pricing Structure

TierDescriptionFormula
Tier 1Desal operator → TBAOperating cost + 8%
Tier 2TBA operating costsPass-through
Tier 3TBA → Municipalities~$1,400/AF

5-Year Revenue Projection

YearProduction (AF)Municipal SalesRevenueNet Surplus
1150,000100,000 AF$170M$3.6M
2175,000130,000 AF$190M$3.5M
3200,000155,000 AF$227M$14.7M
4200,000165,000 AF$242M$21.7M
5200,000170,000 AF$255M$28.0M

Additional Revenue Streams

SourceYear 5 Annual
Water sales$280M
Fiber leases$12M
HVDC transmission$192M
Brine transport fees$8–15M

Funding Sources

State Funding

SourceAvailableBackbone Share
Texas Water Fund$20 billion$6–8 billion (30–40%)
SWIFT$6+ billionSupplemental

Federal Funding

SourcePotential
WIFIA (Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act)Up to 49% of eligible costs (~$5.5B)
EPA State Revolving FundVariable
IRA Clean Water provisionsTBD

Private Investment

ComponentInvestment
Desalination operations$2.5–3.0B
Brine valorization$0.5–1.0B
Transmission JV$800M–1.0B

Comparison to Alternatives

Cost Per Acre-Foot

SourceCost/AF
Edwards Aquifer$350
Carrizo-Wilcox groundwater$600
Texas Water Backbone$1,400
Vista Ridge Pipeline$2,000+
New reservoir development$1,800–2,500

Why Backbone Pricing Is Competitive

  • Vista Ridge (current alternative): $2,000+/AF and rising
  • Marvin Nichols (proposed): $1,800+/AF plus 66,000 acres destroyed
  • Backbone delivers drought-proof water at lower cost than comparable alternatives

Risk Factors and Mitigation

RiskMitigation
Energy price spikeCost Stabilization Reserve; hedging required
Low municipal uptakeTake-or-pay contracts (80% minimum)
Construction cost overrunFixed-price contracts; contingency reserves
Technology riskProven technology; no R&D required

Financial projections are estimates requiring detailed engineering analysis.

Contact: info@texaswaterbackbone.org | Web: texaswaterbackbone.org

Texas Water Backbone Project • January 2026

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